Distinguishing Between NCM and LiFePO4 Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

Introduction to Battery Types:

New energy vehicles typically use three kinds of batteries: NCM (Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese), LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate), and Ni-MH (Nickel-Metal Hydride). Among these, NCM and LiFePO4 batteries are the most prevalent and widely recognized. Here’s a guide on how to differentiate between an NCM battery and a LiFePO4 battery in a new energy vehicle.

1. Checking Vehicle Configuration:

The simplest way for consumers to identify the battery type is by consulting the vehicle’s configuration sheet. Manufacturers usually specify the battery type within the battery information section.

2. Examining the Battery Nameplate:

You can also distinguish between battery types by examining the power battery system data on the vehicle’s nameplate. For instance, vehicles like the Chery Ant and Wuling Hongguang MINI EV offer both LiFePO4 and NCM battery versions. By comparing the data on their nameplates, you’ll notice:

The rated voltage of LiFePO4 batteries is higher than that of NCM batteries.

The rated capacity of NCM batteries is typically greater than that of LiFePO4 batteries.

3. Energy Density and Temperature Performance:

NCM batteries generally have a higher energy density and superior low-temperature discharge performance compared to LiFePO4 batteries. Therefore:

If you have a long-endurance model or observe less range reduction in cold weather, it is likely equipped with an NCM battery.

Conversely, if you observe significant battery performance degradation in low temperatures, it’s likely a LiFePO4 battery.

4. Professional Equipment for Verification:

Given the difficulty of distinguishing between NCM and LiFePO4 batteries by appearance alone, professional equipment can be used to measure battery voltage, current, and other relevant data for accurate identification.

Characteristics of NCM and LiFePO4 Batteries:

NCM Battery:

Advantages: Excellent low-temperature performance, with operational capabilities down to -30 degrees Celsius.

Disadvantages: Lower thermal runaway temperature (just over 200 degrees Celsius), which makes them more prone to spontaneous combustion in hot climates.

LiFePO4 Battery:

Advantages: Superior stability and high thermal runaway temperature (up to 800 degrees Celsius), meaning they will not catch fire unless the temperature reaches 800 degrees.

Disadvantages: Poor performance in cold temperatures, leading to more significant battery degradation in colder environments.

By understanding these characteristics and using the methods outlined, consumers can effectively distinguish between NCM and LiFePO4 batteries in new energy vehicles.